Windows batch scripts(.bat)

Common file manipulation DOS commands

dir (List file names)
cd (Change current directory)
ren (Change the file name)
copy (Copy a file)
del (Delete a file)
md (Create subdirectory)
rd (Deletes a directory)
deltree (Deletes a directory tree)
format (format the disk)
edit (Text editor)
type (Show file contents)
mem (View memory status)
help (Show help tips)
cls (clear screen)
move (Move files, change directory names)
more (split screen display)
xcopy (copies directories and files)
echo (Show input)
echo on (Turns on the command echo)
echo off (Turn off the command display)
@ (@ commands with @ are not displayed)
pause (suspends the program, press any key to continue)
> (Output the displayed content to somewhere)
>> (Append the display to somewhere)
>nul (command followed by >nul means output to empty device)
mode (Sets the window size: mode con cols=32 lines=8)
color (Set the background color: color 3a (background (dark indigo) and text (bright green)))
title (change the title name of the current command prompt)
rem (comment (belongs to the command will be displayed))
:: (comment (will not be shown))
prompt (change the current path to the root path and rename it)
goto (command followed by a label to jump)
: (Write the tag name after the command (not case sensitive), special tags :EOF or :eof do not need to be defined)
call (call batch or label)
start (starts the application)

Variables

Command	Explanation
set var=1	Define the variable var and copy 1 to a
set var	View the value of the variable var
set v	View the values of all variables starting with v
set	View the values of all variables
%var%	Value (content) of var variable
set /a var=48	Assign the number 48 to the variable var, a 32-bit integer value, occupying 4 bytes
set /p var	The user manually enters a value for var
set /p var=Please enter some text	The user manually enters the value for var and displays the prompt text: “Please enter some text”
set var=Hello world!
echo %var:o=z%	Output Hello world! without changing the var value
set var2=%var:ld=ms and bugs%	Assign Hello worms and bugs! to var2 without changing the var value
%var:~m%	A positive number m means that the variable var is taken from the left side after the mth character. A negative number m means that the variable var is taken from the right side after the -mth character and all characters to the right of it.
%var:~m,n%	Starting from m, n characters are taken for positive numbers, and n characters are taken for negative numbers until -n characters are left
set /a num=48	Assign the value 48 to the variable num
set /a result=%num%+12	The result of adding the variables num and 12 is assigned to the variable result
echo %result%	Display the value of the variable result
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion	Delayed variable expansion makes sense of !var!

Passing parameters

Use % to receive arguments Pass arguments directly after call or start or when running a batch file in cmd

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Receiving parameters:
echo The 1st parameter you entered is %1
echo The 2nd parameter you entered is %2

Transfer parameters:
call Called.bat hello world!
start Called.bat hello world!
./Called.bat hello world!

Condition IF

Symbols	Meaning
EQU	equal
NEQ	unequal
LSS	less than
LEQ	less than or equal to
GTR	Greater than
GEQ	greater than or equal to
NOT	NOT

if exist (Determine if a file exists)
if defined (Determine if environment variables are defined)

Loop FOR

General format of for loop usage: for %i in (*.*) do @echo %i

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:::::::Batch file name modification.bat:::::::
@echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion
set /a num=1
for %%i in (D:\test\*.txt) do (
ren "%%i" !num!.txt
set /a num+=1
)
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

The for loop uses the general format of a numeric loop: for /l %i in (5,3,16) do echo %i

The numeric variable i becomes, in order: 5, 8, 11, 14, starting from 5 and increasing by 3 until 16.

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::::::::::Circle Square.bat::::::::::
@echo off
setlocal EnableDelayedExpansion

set var=○
for /l %%i in (1,1,7) do set var=%var%!var!
:: At this point the variable var has become a row of 8 consecutive circles

for /l %%i in (1,1,8) do (
echo This is the first %%i copies> output-results-%%i.txt
for /l %%j in (1,1,8) do echo %var%>>output-results-%%i.txt
)

echo The 8 X 8 ○ matrix has been drawn and saved in 8 text files
pause
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::s:::::

Combination commands

&
1

echo Checking what executable files we have in WINDOWS... & dir C:\WINDOWS\*.exe & echo And we got lots of stuff here.
& acts as a link between multiple commands.

Regardless of the result of each of the three commands, the later one will always be executed.
&&

Similar to &, multiple commands are juxtaposed and executed in order.

If there is an error in the execution of one of the multiple commands, the subsequent commands will not be executed; if there has been no error, all the concurrent commands will be executed all the time.
||

|| has the opposite purpose of &&.

When the correct command is encountered, no further commands will be executed.

If no correct command is encountered, all commands will be executed.

Pipeline commands

> and >>

Enter the redirect command. Redirects a command or the output of a program to a specific file.

> will erase the content of the original file and write it to the specified file, while >> will only append the content to the specified file.
|

It can put the output of the command on its left into the command on its right as an argument.
The pipeline command also has <, <& and >&, which are not common and will not be discussed for now.

Learning Address

Windows Batch Scripting Tutorial